Equus Reading Response Essay Example for Free

Equus Reading Response Essay Shaffer’s play Equus is about Alan Strang and his recognition on ponies. Alan is as of now being treated by a Martin Dysart, his therapist, for blinding six ponies. His specialist attempts to get Alan to clarify what was happening and he in the long run starts to open up. When Alan was a kid, his mom was a Christian who read the book of scriptures to him consistently. At some point, his dad obliterated an image of the torturous killing of Jesus and Alan chose to supplant it with an image of a pony. During Alan’s adolescence, he grew a fascination towards ponies from rancher motion pictures, his mother’s stories, and his grandfather’s love for ponies. Later in the play, Alan finds a new line of work at a stable and meets Jill Mason. Jill persuades Alan to have intercourse with the ponies due to his fascination. So as to engage in sexual relations with the ponies, Alan wounds the horse’s eyes since he accepted that they were Gods. He didn't need the ponies to see the wrongdoing he was going to focus on them. Alan’s youth influenced the way Alan contemplated ponies significantly. The image of Jesus that was supplanted confounded him and he supplanted Jesus with ponies in his mind. At the point when his mom would reveal to him stories from the good book, Alan had pictures of ponies rather than pictures of Jesus. At the point when he engages in sexual relations with the ponies, he wounds them in the eye since he accepts that they are Gods. He didn't need the Gods to perceive what he was going to do to them.

Islamic Influences On The Renaissance

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

louis leakey essays

louis leakey papers Finding the Secrets of Humankind's Past Louis Leakey was destined to be an excavator, for his adolescence in Africa genuinely set him up for the field life he would later lead. The child of teachers Harry and Mary Leakey, Louis experienced childhood in Kenya close to Nairobi, among the Kikuyu African clan who the senior Leakeys were attempting to change over. In spite of mediating periods in which the Leakeys moved back to England, Louis grew up basically as a Kikuyu clan part, and at eleven years old he not just assembled his own customary cottage where to live but on the other hand was started as an individual from the Kikuyu clan. It was inside this cabin the beginnings of Leakeys archaelogical goals occurred. In one area he began an individual gallery, gathered everything naturalistic, from winged animal eggs to creature skulls. It was in 1916, at fourteen years old, when Leakey first genuinely understood that he was intended for paleontology; in the wake of perusing the record of stone-age men entitled Days Before His tory he was snared. Subsequent to finding out about the pointed stones and axeheads made by these individuals, Louis started gathering and grouping the same number of bits of obsidian drops and instruments as he could discover. After affirmation by an ancient times master that these were genuinely stone devices of antiquated Africans, really connections to the past, Leakey realized that an incredible remainder would be dedicated towards finding the privileged insights of the ancient progenitors of mankind. In spite of not being acclimated with the school structure back in England and the going with issues he had in government funded school, Leakey was acknowledged into Cambridge in 1922. In any case, hits to the head supported during rugby match-ups brought about epilepsy and cerebral pains for Leakey, and he needed to leave school in 1923. This, be that as it may, was a surprisingly positive development, for Leakey found work as an African master on an archeological crucial Tendaguru in what is currently Tanzania. He was to go with the prehistorian and dinosaur bone master Wi... <!

Nature’s Work (Anaylsis of a Blizzard Under Blue Sky)

Houston is by all accounts a very skilled author. It shocks no one that â€Å"A Blizzard under Blue Sky† is a really convincing short story (notwithstanding the way that it just traverses four pages). The explanation Houston can attract perusers is on the grounds that she opens by presenting the hidden subject of the piece, than sets the theme aside for later to account for a captivating story, and at long last ties the topic and the story together without causing the association with appear forced.Based on her composing structure, the three key purposes of â€Å"A Blizzard under Blue Sky† appear to distinguish her issues/treating wretchedness, continuing on through a brush with death, and afterward acknowledging how the two are interwoven. Houston opens the story by itemizing what has got her down throughout everyday life: there are bills to pay, work to be done, and uncertain men. The mix of this, and perhaps the cloudiness of winter, made it so that â€Å"the machin e that drives you is broken† (Houston 284).In the story, the specialist recommended drug to make her capacity effectively again, however Houston was unyielding that she could never fix her downturn with pills. She concocted an elective arrangement: winter outdoors. From here, Houston drops essentially all conversation about her downturn. Thus, the peruser nearly overlooks why she was going outdoors in any case. Rather than abiding, she inundates herself in nature planning to get indistinguishable outcomes from a remedy would have accomplished artificially.One quote specifically impeccably depicts her mending venture through nature, â€Å"when everything in your life is questionable, there’s nothing very like the clearness and the accuracy of new day off blue sky† (Houston 284). In spite of the fact that her underlying records of winter outdoors appear to be jolly and fun (she even notices that the clearness and the quietness feels like the fourth measurement). Ho uston’s experience rapidly gets ugly. The sun crawling behind the mountains intensifies her absence of experience and her absence of supplies.Accordingly, she is confronted with a fourteen hour restless night where her lone concern is endurance (for both her and her canines). At the point when the sun came up on House’s snow cavern the following day, she depicts a sentiment of unadulterated satisfaction and alleviation dependent on the way that she is alive. â€Å"For the first run through in quite a while I was glad to see a day beginning† (Houston 287). She disregarded the bills, the man, and about the downturn. Life and bliss in light of the fact that synonymous.The last key purpose of â€Å"A Blizzard under Blue Sky† is the initial two key focuses consolidated: encountering nature is an astounding method to manage discouragement since it permits one to have â€Å"remembered about joy†. Houston states that nature drives you to step outside of yo ur issues and grasp effortlessness. Her story is unmistakable (perhaps somewhat outrageous) case of this, yet it without a doubt urges the perusers to utilize the regular world as an asset to encourage â€Å"hopefulness†. I thought â€Å"A Blizzard under Blue Sky† was an awesome story and accomplished precisely what it expected to.It incited bliss, possibly awe dependent on the way that after setting out Houston was at first wary about the recuperating intensity of the common world, and thus discovered how progressive an outrageous encounter can be. What’s most intriguing is that Houston promptly turned down antidepressants. A great many people would be excited at the possibility of a pill filling the void in their lives. Pam Houston had an alternate view, â€Å"one of the things I love most about the common world is the manner in which it gives you what’s bravo regardless of whether you don’t know it at the time† (Houston 284).The significa nt thing to note here is that she didn't have a clue how nature would mend her, however she had an unfaltering confidence that it would even in amazingly cruel conditions. Preceding perusing this story, my encounters with nature have not been such fulfilling; I have never had an extraordinary encounter as an immediate consequence of the characteristic world. Houston helped me to distinguish why I have never unearthed such a natural change previously. While she encountered euphoria by relinquishing everything except for the possibility of life, I have constantly gone into the earth with desires and objectives. I plan to change this.In the provisions of the master plan, this story ties straightforwardly with all her different compositions I have perused in my leisure time (Cowboys are my Weakness, Waltzing the Cat, Sight Hound). What we can accumulate from this story, is that nature is a useful asset for thought, thoughtfulness, and mending. It is no occurrence that nature withdraws a re famous and incredible encounters. One can without a doubt experience God, and do some important soul looking while at the same time encountering God’s creation direct. I feel that this bit of writing is getting at a significant point: passionate variances are unavoidable yet they don’t must be debilitating.In her story, Houston is experiencing an exceptionally troublesome time, and her issues are extremely all inclusive: love, work, and cash. The characteristic excursion that she thus subtleties demonstrate that distress is reparable (prescription isn't required). Regarding my life, I expect to take the exercises instructed by Houston and apply them to my life. So, I don’t have the opportunity to go outdoors all the time, nor do I want to, however I will hold onto any open door I can to grow my characteristic boundaries.This may incorporate investigating a national park on an end of the week as opposed to going out to see a film, or it may mean traveling to t he wild of Utah as opposed to defaulting back to similar sea shores I have constantly gone to. Whatever my wild emersion winds up being, have confidence that I will make a special effort to hold onto it. Possibly I will encounter a last chance circumstance and come out with a freshly discovered origination of euphoria, yet regardless of whether I don’t, I will absorb whatever nature brings to the table me.

My Dream Creative Writting Essay Example For Students

My Dream Creative Writting Essay At the point when my family and I left Vietnam for America we were informed that everybody would be a landowner, we would live like rulers and could bring in cash so natural and furthermore everybody would live similarly. This was a superb dream for my family just as for most of the Far East Asian families. We needed to pay a major measure of cash, with the end goal for us to step onto Americas land. My familys dream is to claim a homestead or a farm. Anyway Americas life at the time was a fiasco as the greater part of the individuals around the significant urban communities of America were jobless and needed to venture out from home to go around the nation searching for occupations. Disastrous, this incredible calamity applied to my family, and we were all jobless. My familys dream had gradually vanished into the slim air. Due to this I needed to abandon my family and began going around the nation searching for occupations and-to have my own fantasy. I began my excursion with two void hands and furthermore have a fantasy of one day I could have a homestead of my claimed so I could be a chief and wouldnt must be pushed around by other farm proprietors. In any case, I have worked in numerous spots around the nation however none of them employments are perpetual. I have ventured out alone to better places to search for employments, as I havent got any companions or family to go with. Now and then this dejection of mine has cause me to be so dam discouraged, and wish that I had never come to America. I have figured out how to get myself a perpetual activity working for the private farm proprietor in the homestead in California. Albeit working in the homestead under the bight daylight is dreadfully dedicated and tiring yet I am thinking about myself as fortunate, as there are a great many people groups are still havent found a new line of work. The primary day I began working in the ranch it wasnt as hard as I suspected it would be. Be that as it may, on the grounds that I am the main Vietnamese chipping away at the farm, I have been tormented and manhandled for more often than not by the other American laborers. I have never been invited to go out with them into town on a Friday night when we as a whole get paid. They could have let me go along into town with them be that as it may, Instead of me going with them, I have remained in my little room in the steady, which is isolated from different specialists bunkhouse. I have never despised myself for being a Vietnamese despite the fact that I have been dealt with like a creature, where I need to lay down with the hoses and have nobody to converse with, however rather I am glad to be a Vietnamese as in light of the fact that I am destined to be a Vietnamese. Anyway I loathed the various American laborers who are worked at the farm. There isâ one event where I was so desolate, I couldnt take it any longer and all I needed at that point was simply to converse with somebody who I could impart my fantasy to. Along these lines, on that night when I pretty much to went into the bunk house where I seen all the American specialists were playing card and having a ball and out of nowhere their was a profound voice yelling from over the room, saying No Vietnamese are invited in here, you are not American and you are smell. Another voice has additionally yelled out Get out! you Vietnamese knave! As I turned my head around to walk sponsored to my room I despite everything could hear voices yelling: Charlatan Get out you stinky Vietnamese Since I am so forlorn and I havent got anybody to converse with and furthermore nobody to impart my fantasy to, which I accept my fantasy will work out as expected one day. So completely did was doing weight preparing and rehearsing my customary kung fu, which my father used to instructs me when we were back in Vietnam. I have learning and rehearsing kung fu for all most sixteen years of my lifetime and now I have figured out how to ace the workmanship. .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc , .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc .postImageUrl , .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc , .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc:hover , .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc:visited , .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc:active { border:0!important; } .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc:active , .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc:hover { obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uc6c9432 44d079ec45422fd35a35748fc .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uc6c943244d079ec45422fd35a35748fc:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Natural Disasters EssayI have never utilized my quality and aptitudes to hurt anyone previously, as my dad let me know, I just can utilize my abilities to support unjustifiably offered individuals and just instruct to who have confidence in learning it. One day I went into town all alone on the Friday evening soon after I got paid. I have observers a youthful excellent woman getting robed in the little dim rear entryway. I needed to disregard what was going on and professed not to see anything, since its not my business but rather I can not keep down my consideration and delicate inclination to that wonderful woman, so I gradually moved toward the two men were attempting to remove her satchel. This was the first run through when I really utilize my kung fu aptitudes on those two men that were attempting to robed that woman. In the wake of driving those men off structure the woman, I simply then strolled way. As I was heading gradually in the opposite direction from that woman, which then I felt a solidified hand was contacting my shoulder and a beautiful voice murmur close to my ear saying thank you sir, okay prefer to meet my dad? it was astounding to the point that when I pivoted and it happens to be that it was the wonderful woman who I simply had helped was murmuring to me. Without delayed I at that point went with her to meet her more distant. It was a marvel or an enchantment that her dad ended up being a chief, who is working for Hollywood. She at that point disclosed to her dad the story that has happened at an early stage today, so her dad needed to say thanks to me by inquiring as to whether I needed to be in one ofâ his activity film, which he will shoot in the following month. I was so upbeat and energized while I unintentionally yelled out so noisy My fantasy has now worked out as expected! he likewise asked me to remained at his home on the off chance that I wish to. Since I was glad to such an extent that I couldnt even say whatever else in excess of a word bless your heart. As time passes by I have figured out how to turn into a famous actor and got hitched to the executives girl and lived in an extravagance existence with my better half and three children. Anyway I have always remembered about my family, which I at that point circumvented America searching for them during when I had recently got renowned. I have figured out how to rejoin with everybody in my family and now we as a whole lived content with a lot of land and cash simply like what we generally dreams of when we have chosen to leave Vietnam for America.

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A Ship Sunk by the Overwhelming Weight of Human Vanity - Literature Essay Samples

In his poem â€Å"The Convergence of the Twain,† Thomas Hardy describes the unfortunate, yet truly inevitable, sinking of the supposedly invincible Titanic. Concurrently, the poem depicts humanity’s vain struggle against the steadfast forces of nature. The poem’s structural organization as well as diction and figurative language convey the speaker’s disapproving attitude towards man’s hubristic creation of the Titanic. The poem’s arrangement into rhyming tercets as well as further division into three distinct sections based on an inverted chronology reflect nature’s absolute influence over the inevitability of the Titanic’s crash. Each tercet is composed of two trimeters such as â€Å"In the solitude of the sea / deep from human vanity† (1-2) and one hexameter such as â€Å"and the Pride of Life that planned her, stilly couches she† (3). The addition of the three syllables from the first line and the three syllables from the subsequent line add up to the six syllables found in the third line, mimicking the convergence of the ship and the iceberg. Furthermore, consistent end rhymes such as â€Å"pyres† (4), â€Å"fires† (5), and â€Å"lyres† (6) contribute to the smooth, flowing rhythm of the stanzas, creating a wave-like pattern that reflects the poem’s setting. Additionally, stanzas one through five describe in media res the aftermath of the Titanic’s crash using imagery of the ship at the bottom of the sea and â€Å"deep from human vanity† (2), reinforcing the idea that the ship was destined to fail from the moment of its inception. In this way, stanzas six through eight, which describe the â€Å"fashioning / of this creature of cleaving wing† (16-17), as well as stanzas nine through eleven, which portray the actual crash when the ship and the iceberg â€Å"were bent / by paths coincident† (28-29), merely become retrospective flashbacks of an ultimately failed endeavor. Together, the poem’s structure and special chronology mirror the destined â€Å"Convergence of the Twain,† man and nature, reminding readers of God’s formidability and omnipotence. Through diction and somber imagery, the poem emphasizes the speaker’s critical tone of humanity’s naive and hubristic belief that it could best nature by constructing the ostensibly indestructible Titanic. The Titanic was once the greatest luxury ship ever built, boasting â€Å"mirrors meant / to glass the opulent† (7-8). Now, â€Å"the sea-worm† (9), a â€Å"grotesque, slimed, dumb, and indifferent† (9) creature crawls on the once lavish mirrors, the negative connotations of these words underscoring the power of luxury to make humans ignorant. Furthermore, â€Å"jewelsdesigned / to ravish the sensuous mind† (10-11) currently â€Å"lie lightless, all their sparkles bleared and black and blind† (13), reflecting how the hubristic humans allowed their vanity to control them, then ultimately regretted their pride when the Titanic crashed and their â€Å"gilded gear† (14) and â€Å"vaingloriousness† (15) were left behind to be enjoyed only by â€Å"dim moon-eyed fish† (13) who have no use for such equipment. Blinded by pride in this seemingly unsinkable creation, humanity failed to respect the forces of nature, resulting in a tragic loss. The ironic oppositions set up between the ship and the iceberg by manipulating connotation and denotation further substantiate the complete futility of man’s arrogant challenge against God. As the Titanic, a luxury cruise liner, â€Å"grew / in stature, grace and hue† (22-23), the iceberg grew in the â€Å"shadowy silent distance† (24), creating a stark contrast between the ship’s prideful extravagance and the iceberg’s modest simplicity. Moreover, the paradoxical diction of describing the iceberg as the Titanic’s â€Å"sinister mate† (19) sets up the conceit of the ship and the iceberg as destined to meet. Their collision, portrayed as an â€Å"intimate welding† (27) when â€Å"consummation comes† (33), is a pun on a wedding and its sexual intimacy. Most significantly, this â€Å"one august event† (30) is mediated by the â€Å"Spinner of Years† (31) and â€Å"Immanent Will† (18), alluding to the inte rvention of some divine power to predestine this tragic occurrence. The ironic theme of marriage between the ship and the iceberg expresses that no matter how large or how strong humanity built the Titanic, it was fated to collide with the iceberg and sink. The poem’s symbolic structure, imagery, diction, and figurative language highlight the speaker’s critical attitude of man’s foolish challenge of God’s power. The Titanic, the largest and strongest ship of all time that was originally engineered and advertised to be unsinkable, was bested during its maiden voyage by a simple and avoidable iceberg. This tragedy not only represents man’s loss against nature but also serves as a future reminder for all of humanity to keep its pride in check.

Explain the epidemiology of Alcoholism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2466 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction According to Alcohol Concern Organisation (2015) more than 9 million people in England consume alcoholic beverages more than the recommended daily limits. In relation to this, the National Health Service (2015) actually recommends no more than 3 to 4 units of alcohol a day for men and 2 to 3 units a day for women. The large number of people consuming alcohol more than the recommended limits, highlights the reality that alcoholism is a major health concern in the UK which can lead to a multitude of serious health problems. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Explain the epidemiology of Alcoholism" essay for you Create order Moss (2013) states that alcoholism and chronic use of alcohol are linked to various medical, psychiatric, social and family problems. To add to this, the Health and Social Care Information Centre (2014) reported that between 2012 and 2013, a total of 1,008,850 admissions related to alcohol consumption where an alcohol-related disease, injury or condition was the primary cause for hospital admission or a secondary diagnosis. This shows the detrimental impact of alcoholism on the health and overall wellbeing of millions of people in the UK. It is therefore vital to examine the aetiology of alcoholism in order to understand why so many people end up consuming excessive alcohol. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) (n.d.) supports this by stating that learning the natural history of a disorder will provide information essential for assessment and intervention and for the development of effective preventive measures. This essay will also look into the different p ublic health policies that address the problem of alcoholism in the UK. A brief description of what alcoholism is will first be provided. What is Alcoholism? It is safe to declare that alcoholism is a lay term that simply means excessive intake of alcohol. It can be divided into two forms namely; alcohol misuse or abuse and alcohol dependence. Alcohol misuse simply means excessive intake of alcohol more than the recommended limits (National Health Service Choices 2013). A good example of this is binge drinking. Alcohol dependence is worse because according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2011, n.p.) it indicates craving, tolerance, a preoccupation with alcohol and continued drinking regardless of harmful consequences (e.g. liver disease). Under the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)- 5, these two have been joined as one disorder called alcohol use disorder or AUD with mild, moderate and severe sub-classifications (NIAAA 2015). Genetic Aetiologic Factor of Alcoholism Alcoholism is a complex disorder with several factors leading to its development (NIAAA 2005). Genetics and other biological aspects can be considered as one factor involved in the development of alcohol abuse and dependence (NIAAA 2005). Other factors include cognitive, behavioural, temperament, psychological and sociocultural (NIAAA 2005). According to Goodwin (1985) as far as the era of Aristotle and the Bible, alcoholism was believed to run in the families and thus could be inherited. To some extent, there is some basis that supports this ancient belief because in reality, alcoholic parents have about four to five times higher probability of having alcoholic children (Goodwin 1985). Today, this belief seems to lack substantially clear and direct research-based evidence. On the other hand, studies also do not deny the role of genetics in alcoholism. With this view, it is therefore safe to argue that genetics is considered still as an important aetiologic factor in alcoholism. The current consensus simply indicates that there is more to a simple gene or two that triggers the predisposition of an individual to become an alcoholic. Scutti (2014) reports that although scientists have known for some time that genetics take an active role in alcoholism, they also propose that an individuals inclination to be dependent on alcohol is more complicated than the simple presence or absence of any one gene. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2008) states that there is no one single gene that fully controls a persons predisposition to alcoholism rather multiple genes play different roles in a persons susceptibility in becoming an alcoholic. The NIAAA (2005) further claims that the evidence for a genetic factor in alcoholism lies mainly with studies that involve extended pedigree, those that involve identical and fraternal twins and those that include adopted individuals raised apart from their alcoholic parents. For pedigree studies, it is believed that the risk of suffering from alcoholism is increased four to seven fold among first-degree relatives of an alcoholic (Cotton 1979; Merikangas 1990 cited in NIAAA, 2005.). First degree relatives naturally refer to parent-child relationships; hence, a child is therefore four to seven times at higher risk of becoming an alcoholic, if one or both of their parents are alcoholics. Moss (2013) supports this by stating that children whose parents are alcoholic are at higher risk of becoming alcoholics themselves when compared to children whose parents are non-alcoholics. A study conducted by McGue, Pickens and Svikis (1992 cited in NIAAA 2005) revealed that identical twins generally have a higher concordance rate of alcoholism compared to fraternal twins or non-twin siblings. This basically means that a person who has an alcoholic identical twin, will have a higher risk of becoming an alcoholic himself when compared to if his alcoholic twin is merely a fraternal twin or a non -twin sibling. This study further proves the role of genetics in alcoholism because identical twins are genetically the same; hence, if one is alcoholic, the other must therefore also carry the alcoholic gene. The genetic factor in alcoholism is further bolstered by studies conducted by Cloninger, Bohman and Sigvardsson 1981 cited in NIAAA 2005 and Cadoret, Cain and Grove (1980 cited in NIAAA 2005) involving adopted children wherein the aim was to separate the genetic factor from the environmental factor of alcoholism. In these studies, children of alcoholic parents were adopted and raised away from their alcoholic parents but despite this, some of these children still develop alcoholism as adults at a higher rate than those adopted children who did not have an alcoholic biological parent (Cloninger et al., 1981 cited in NIAAA 2005 and Cadoret et al., 1980 cited in NIAAA 2005). One interesting fact about aetiologic genetic factor is that although there are genes that indeed in crease the risk of alcoholism, there are also genes that protect an individual from becoming an alcoholic (NIAAA 2008). For example, some people of Asian ancestry carry a gene that modifies their rate of alcohol metabolism which causes them to manifest symptoms such as flushing, nausea and tachycardia and these generally lead them to avoid alcohol; thus, it can be said that this gene actually helps protect those who possess it from becoming alcoholic (NIAAA 2008). Environment as an Aetiologic Factor of Alcoholism Another clearly identifiable factor is environment, which involves the way an individual is raised and his or her exposure to different kinds of activities and opportunities. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2005) relates that the genetic factor and the environmental factor have a close relationship in triggering alcoholism in an individual. This can be explained by the simple fact that even if an individual is genetically predisposed to becoming an alcoholic, if he is not exposed to a particular kind of environment which triggers activities that lead to alcohol intake, the likelihood of his becoming an alcoholic will be remote. There are certain aspects within the environment that makes it an important aetiologic factor. According to Alcohol Policy MD (2005) these aspects include acceptance by society, availability and public policies and enforcement. Acceptance in this case refers to the idea that drinking alcoholic drinks even those that should be de emed excessive is somewhat encouraged through mass media, peer attitudes and behaviours, role models, and the overall view of society. Television series, films and music videos glorify drinking sprees and even drunken behaviour (Alcohol Policy MD 2005). TV and film actors and sports figures, peers and local role models also encourage a positive attitude towards alcohol consumption which overshadows the reality of what alcohol drinking can lead to (Alcohol Policy MD 2005). In relation to this, a review of different studies conducted by Grube (2004) revealed that mass media in the form of television shows for instance has an immense influence on the youth (age 11 to 18) when it comes to alcohol consumption. In films, portrayals regarding the negative impact of alcohol drinking are rare and often highlight the idea that alcohol drinking has no negative impact on a persons overall wellbeing (Grube 2004). In support of these findings, a systematic review of longitudinal studies conducted by Anderson et al. (2009) revealed that the constant alcohol advertising in mass media can lead adolescents to start drinking or to increase their consumption for those who are already into it. Availability of alcoholic drinks is another important environmental aetiologic factor of alcoholism simply because of the reality that no matter how predisposed an individual is to become an alcoholic, the risk for alcoholism will still be low if alcoholic drinks are not available. On the other hand, if alcoholic beverages are readily available as often are today, then the risk for alcoholism is increased not only for those who are genetically predisposed to alcoholism but even for those who do not carry the alcoholic genes. The more licensed liquor stores in an area, the more likely people are to drink (Alcohol Policy MD 2005). The cheaper its price, the more affordable it is for people to buy and consume it in excess (Alcohol Policy MD 2005). Another crucial environmental aetiologic factor is the presence or absence of policies that regulate alcohol consumption and its strict or lax enforcement. It includes restricting alcohol consumption in specified areas, enacting stricter statutes concerning drunk driving and providing for penalties for those who sell to, buy for or serve to underage individuals (Alcohol Policy MD 2005). It is worthy to point out that in the UK, the drinking age is 18 and a person can be stopped, fined or even arrested by police if he or she is below this age and is seen drinking alcohol in public (Government UK 2015a). It is also against the law for someone to sell alcohol to an individual below 18; however, an individual age 16 or 17 when accompanied by an adult can actually drink but not buy alcohol in a pub or drink beer, wine or cider with a meal (Government UK 2015a). Policies to Combat Alcoholism One public health policy that can help address the problem on alcoholism is the mandatory code of practice for alcohol retailers which banned irresponsible alcohol promotions and competitions, and obliged retailers to provide free drinking water, compelled them to offer smaller measures and required them to have proof of age protocol. It can be argued that this policy addresses the problem of alcoholism by restricting the acceptance, availability and advertising of alcohol (Royal College of Nursing 2012). Another is the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 which is a statute that enables local authorities to take a tougher stance on establishments which break licensing rules about alcohol sale (Royal Collage of Nursing 2012). There is also the policy paper on harmful drinking which provides different strategies in addressing the problem of alcoholism. One such strategy is the advancement of the Change4Life campaign which promotes healthy lifestyle and therefore empha sises the recommended daily limit of alcohol intake for men and women (Government UK 2015b). Another strategy within this policy is the alcohol risk assessment as part of the NHS health check for adults ages 40 to 75 (Government UK 2015b). This policy aims to prevent rather than cure alcoholism which seems to be logical for after all, an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure. Conclusion Alcoholism which includes both alcohol misuse and alcohol dependence is a serious health problem which affects millions in the UK. Its aetiology is actually a combination of different factors. One vital factor is genetics wherein it can be argued that some people are predisposed to becoming an alcoholic. For example, an individual is at higher risk of becoming an alcoholic if he or she has a parent who is also alcoholic. When coupled with environmental factors, the risk of suffering from alcoholism becomes even greater. Environment refers to the acceptability and availability of alcohol and the presence or absence of policies that regulate alcohol sale and consumption. Vital health policies such as Harmful Drinking Policy Paper advocated by the government, are important preventive measures in reducing the incidence and prevalence of alcoholism in the UK. References Alcohol Concern Organisation (2015). Statistics on alcohol. [online]. Available from: https://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/help-and-advice/statistics-on-alcohol/ [Accessed on 28 September 2015]. Alcohol Policy MD (2005). The effects of environmental factors on alcohol use and abuse. [online]. Available from: https://www.alcoholpolicymd.com/alcohol_and_health/study_env.htm[Accessed on 28 September 2015]. Anderson, P., de Brujin, A., Angus, K., Gordon, R. and Hastings, G. (2009). Impact of alcohol advertising and media exposure on adolescent alcohol use: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 44(3):229-243. Goodwin, D. (1985). Alcoholism and genetics: The sins of the fathers. JAMA Psychiatry. 42(2):171-174. Government UK (2015a). Alcohol and young people. [online]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/alcohol-young-people-law [Accessed on 28 September 2015]. Government UK (2015b). policy paper 2010 to 2015 government policy: Harmful drinking. [ online]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2010-to-2015-government-policy-harmful-drinking/2010-to-2015-government-policy-harmful-drinking [Accessed on 28 September 2015]. Grube, J. (2004). Alcohol in the media: Drinking portrayals, alcohol advertising, and alcohol consumption among youth. [online]. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK37586/ [Accessed on 28 September 2015]. Health and Social Care Information Centre (2014). Statistics on alcohol England, 2014. [online]. Available from: https://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB14184/alc-eng-2014-rep.pdf [Accessed on 28 September 2015]. Moss, H.B. (2013). The impact of alcohol on society: A brief overview. Social Work in Public Health. 28(3-4):175-177. National Health Service (2015). Alcohol units. [online]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/alcohol/Pages/alcohol-units.aspx [Accessed on 28 September 2015]. National Health Services Choices (2013). Alcohol misuse. [online]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-misuse/pages/introduction.aspx [Accessed on 28 September 2015]. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2015). Alcohol use disorder: A comparison between DSM-IV and DSM-5. [online]. Available from: https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/dsmfactsheet/dsmfact.pdf [Accessed on 28 September 2015]. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2008). Genetics of alcohol use disorder. [online]. Available from: https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-use-disorders/genetics-alcohol-use-disorders [Accessed on 28 September 2015]. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2005). Module 2: Etiology and natural history of alcoholism. [online]. Available from: https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Social/Module2EtiologyNaturalHistory/Module2.html [Accessed on 28 September 2015]. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2011). Alcohol-use disorders: Diagn osis, assessment and management of harmful drinking and alcohol dependence. [online]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG115/chapter/Introduction [Accessed on 28 September 2015]. Royal College of Nursing (2012). Alcohol: policies to reduce alcohol-related harm in England. [online]. Available from: https://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/438368/05.12_Alcohol_Short_Briefing_Feb2012.pdf [Accessed on 28 September 2015. Scutti, S. (2014). Is alcoholism genetic? Scientists discover link to a network of genes in the brain. [online]. Available from: https://www.medicaldaily.com/alcoholism-genetic-scientists-discover-link-network-genes-brain-312668 [Accessed on 28 September 2015].

The Truth About Famous Black Inventors

Quite a few of our  readers have written asking me to clear up some facts about African American inventors in a sort of mythbuster manner.  Much of the  discussion has centered around who was the first person to invent a comb, elevator, cell phone, etc. African American Patents When an inventor files for a patent, the application form does not require a person to state his/her race. Thus little was known about early African American inventors. So librarians from one of the Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries decided to compile a database of patents granted to black inventors by researching patent applications and other records. These compilations include Henry Bakers Patents by Negroes [1834-1900]. Baker was a second assistant patent examiner at the USPTO who was dedicated to uncovering and publicizing the contributions of Black inventors. The database listed the inventors name followed by the patent number(s), which is the unique number assigned to an invention when a patent is issued, the date the patent was issued and the title of the invention. However, the database was misunderstood as readers falsely assumed that the title of the invention meant that the inventor had invented the first comb, elevator, cell phone and such. In the case of Henry Sampson, readers even misunderstood the title of gamma cell to mean Sampson had invented the first cell phone. Black Myth or Black Fact? This has led to writers publishing misleading articles that assume that every invention mentioned in the database would not have been invented if black people did not exist. Even worse are other writers who have written counterpoint articles that falsely give the impression that black inventors have not achieved great things. Understand that titles are required by USPTO law to be as short and specific as possible. Nobody entitles their patent applications The First Comb Invented or The 1,403th Comb Invented. You have to read the rest of the patent to find out what new improvements that the inventor is claiming. And nearly all patents are for improvements to pre-existing items. Did you know that Thomas Edison, who was not the first person to invent a lightbulb, invented over fifty different lightbulbs? Misleading the Public? Not one of the black inventors lied in their patent applications or stated that  they had invented something totally new when it was merely an improvement. However, I have read articles that imply that these inventors have done something terrible. For example, take my article on John Lee Love. Nowhere do I state that John Lee Love invented the very first pencil sharpener, but the tone is favorable and shows the respect I have for Love as an inventor. Another website uses a headline that read Pencil Sharpener - John Lee Love in 1897? No! This harsh tone puts the inventors achievements in a negative light. However, these were still real inventors who received real patents at a time when it was rare and difficult for a person of color to do so. Why Recognizing Back Inventors  Is Important My database list of African American patent holders holds historical value far beyond winning the first race. It has led to research that answered many important questions. Questions such as: Who were the first African Americans to receive a U.S. patents?What were African American inventors inventing during the 19th and early 20th centuries?Did early black inventors profit from their inventions?What are contemporary African American scientists and inventors achieving today? About Henry Baker I believe wholeheartedly that inventors make the best people. And while I will continue to maintain the historical aspects of the database and update the database with current inventors, what we know about early African American innovators comes mostly from the work of Henry Baker. He was an assistant patent examiner at the U.S. Patent Office (USPTO) who thankfully was dedicated to uncovering and publicizing the contributions of Black inventors. Around 1900, the Patent Office conducted a survey to gather information about black inventors and their inventions. Letters were sent to patent attorneys, company presidents, newspaper editors and prominent African-Americans.  Baker recorded the replies and followed-up on leads. Bakers research also provided the information used to select black inventions exhibited at the Cotton Centennial in New Orleans, the Worlds Fair in Chicago and the Southern Exposition in Atlanta. By the time of his death, Baker had compiled four massive volumes.

Comparing Franz Kafka and Gregor Samsa in The...

Similarities between Franz Kafka and Gregor Samsa in The Metamorphosis It is unusual to say the least to open a book and the first line is about the main character waking up as a large insect. Most authors’ use symbolism to relate the theme of their work, not Franz Kafka. He uses a writing method that voids all aspects and elements of the story that defy interpretation. In doing this, he leaves a simple story that stands only for an objective view for his own thoughts and dreams. Kafka focuses the readers’ attention on a single character that symbolizes himself and his life, not Everyman as some authors do. This method is displayed in most of his literary works. To understand how this method is recognized, readers must study the†¦show more content†¦An additional example is the bug itself. Kafka describes the bug as ungeheueres Ungeziefer (â€Å"a monstrous vermin†) then the image is forgotten in certain situations as Kafka concentrates on the conflict of Gregor the man. Kafka refused to allow the image of the bug o verpower the story by not permitting the publisher to illustrate it, which made the insect superfluous. There are countless other contradictions that can be found even by a novice critic if the story is read carefully. A tidbit of history has been included to provide a background for Kafka. His upbringing is not considered normal. In 1883, he is born in Prague, Czechoslovakia to a successful Jewish couple. This combination dictated that he is neither Czech nor German, so his father sought to better the family’s name through Franz by insisting his schooling and social life be centered around the German-speaking elite of the provincial city. Throughout his childhood, he had a history of ailments that contributed to his propensity to dwell on intellectual studies instead of outdoor activities. He received a doctorate in law from the German University in Prague in 1906 per his father’s wishes. After graduating, he accepted a position as a legal clerk for a short period and found it lacking. In 1908, he left that position and started his career with a semi-governmental insurance company that probably saved his life as he is exempted from the mobilization during Hitler’s regim e. ThisShow MoreRelatedAllegorical Metamorphosis1128 Words   |  5 PagesAllegorical Metamorphosis Metamorphosis is transformation of an insect from an immature form to an adult form. Although this term is ordinarily used in Biology, Franz Kafka uses this term to title his peculiar story. This is a story about a young man named Gregor Samsa, who is a traveling salesman. He is a typical hardworking man trying to pay off debts. However, he wakes up one morning as a human-sized beetle. His parents see him as a beetle, they react negatively, but his sister, Grete, is notRead More The Metamorphosis as a Depiction of Franz Kafkas Life Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Metamorphosis as a Depiction of Franz Kafkas Life The Metamorphosis is said to be one of Franz Kafkas best works of literature. It shows the difficulties of living in a modern society and the struggle for acceptance of others when in a time of need. In this novel Kafka directly reflects upon many of the negative aspects of his personal life, both mentally and physically. The relationship between Gregor and his father is in many ways similar to Franz and his father Herrman. The MetamorphosisRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1435 Words   |  6 PagesFranz Kafka is renowned for prophetic and profoundly enigmatic stories that portray human degradation and cruelty. (Bloom) The Metamorphosis is said to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. 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Even though Gregor has turned into the most disgusting of creatures, this â€Å"metamorphosis† is ironic compared to the transformation that his family endures. Whi le Gregor still sustains his humanity, the lack of any compassion and mercy from his family, is what makes them the disgusting creatures rather than Gregor. The changes of Gregor’s father, motherRead MoreWhat Is Metamorphosis Or Transformation?2664 Words   |  11 PagesCHAPTER 1: What is metamorphosis or transformation? First of all we should understand what metamorphosis means – a change of the form or nature of a thing or person into a completely different one. One can just simply call it change or transformation. One can undergo different types of transformations i.e. a person can undergo physical/biological transformation, or psychological transformation, or behavioural transformation, or cultural transformation, or spiritual transformation, or some other transformationsRead MoreSocial Analysis of Franz Kafkas the Metamorphosis Essay2895 Words   |  12 PagesSocial Analysis of Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis Franz Kafka was not Jewish; Franz Kafka was not Czech, Franz Kafka only identified himself by his own perception of life, and a reality of his own creation. Kafkas family, a prosperous middle class home of economic strivers, embraced the German Jewish circles of Prague, seeking to assimilate with language and Jewish culture. Kafka, in the traditional manner he is remembered, was born into a middle class Czech family in Prague however; he mostRead MoreSelf-Discovery in Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and Equus by Peter Shaffer1340 Words   |  6 Pagesincorporation of figurative language in both Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and Equus by Peter Shaffer, they set the characters in isolation during the experience of hiding emotions and focusing on other’s needs in order for the undergoing of self-discovery and peace within self. Therefore analyzing the behavior that occurs during the process and the aftermath of their seclusion will determine the success of their accomplishment with the breakthrough of peace. When comparing the two texts along with their historical

Impact of Motivation-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Motivation in reducing Employee turnover in working Organization. Answer: Introduction Motivation is the factor that develops a need and energy in an individual to achieve a goal and fulfill a purpose of an endeavor. Motivation works on many levels in a business organization (Maslow 2013). A company conducts various events and meetings in order to keep in touch with the resource and in the way also keep them motivated to work. It is an abstract vision which drives a person to achieve better results it can be from the senior to junior level it can be from the point to achieve sales margin or profit margin (Elliot, Dweck and Yeager 2017). Employees are the strength of an organization regardless of the scale, industry or the market value of the company. It is important for an business organization to make efforts of retaining trained and skilled employees. Employee turnover is the amount of resource that leaves and joins the organization in a specific period of time. The cost bearded by the organization in this transition of a person enrolling in an organization and leaving the organization for whatever reason it may be is sometimes huge and effects the operation of the institution in a large way. It is calculated by a simple formula which states is employee turnover = number of people who leave / average number of employees. There are two types of employee turnover the voluntary where the resource is willingly leaves the organization and the involuntary turnover where an individual is terminated from the contract by the organization (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson 2012). Some of the basic impact of large employee turnover is in terms of productivity, decline in customer services, profit in the long run and increased cost (Hausknecht and Holwerda 2013). About the organization Credit Suisse is a multinational financial institution that has it headquarters based in Zurich. It was established in the year 1856 and now it has its branches in around 50 countries. There are almost 47,170 employees who work in the organization all over the world. There are three divisions in the institution that serve the clients according to their needs. The three divisions are Swiss Universal Bank, International Wealth Management and Asia Pacific. Since inception the organization has gathered goodwill from the clients and also as a workplace form the employees (Stanley 2013). Purpose of research The purpose of this research is to understand the way motivation affects the mindset of the employees. The research will discuss how motivated and inspired employees can have a positive impact on the resources that are unhappy with the organization (Co?ar, Guner and Tybout 2016). An employee who is unhappy or is planning to leave the organization invariably will have a low production and will also make others think in a similar way. It is up to the management to look after the welfare of the employees and to discuss the reasons for their low performance so that decisions can be made to reform and enhance the productivity of the workforce (Herman, Huang and Lam 2013). The workforce of an organization is its backbone and hence attention should be paid to their grievances and complains. Actions should also be taken so that no resources feel negatively about the company. This report aims to understand the affect of motivation on staff turnover on organizational performance where Credit Suisse is the subject of case study. The following are the objectives that are to be inferred by the end of this study: To recognize the amount of staff turnover at Credit Suisse To scrutinize the effect of resource turnover on the performance of Credit Suisse To understand the improvement and strategy plan that can be implemented by the management of Credit Suisse to decrease the amount of employee turnover and stabilize the overall performance of the organization To determine how motivation and inspiration acts a benefactor regarding the staff turnover issue This topic is significant to me as I am interested in business management and want to be an entrepreneur in the future. The staff turnover issue is a relevant problem which is often neglected by the management until the issue has aggravated to a point where it has severe effect on the production and profit of the company. Weather an organization is small or big the resource turnover is a very sensitive and tricky situation to handle. There should be proper methods and approaches set by the management to deal with such a criteria. It has been observed that motivated and inspired employees offer a greater production and helps the organization to reach its goal. Reference List: Co?ar, A.K., Guner, N. and Tybout, J., 2016. Firm dynamics, job turnover, and wage distributions in an open economy.The American Economic Review,106(3), pp.625-663. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. and Jackson, P.R., 2012.Management research. Sage. Elliot, A.J., Dweck, C.S. and Yeager, D.S. eds., 2017.Handbook of Competence and Motivation: Theory and Application. Guilford Publications. Hausknecht, J.P. and Holwerda, J.A., 2013. When does employee turnover matter? Dynamic member configurations, productive capacity, and collective performance.Organization Science,24(1), pp.210-225. Herman, H.M., Huang, X. and Lam, W., 2013. Why does transformational leadership matter for employee turnover? A multi-foci social exchange perspective.The Leadership Quarterly,24(5), pp.763-776. Maslow, A.H., 2013.A theory of human motivation. Simon and Schuster. Stanley, L., Vandenberghe, C., Vandenberg, R. and Bentein, K., 2013. Commitment profiles and employee turnover.Journal of Vocational Behavior,82(3), pp.176-187.

Admission letter to a dental hygiene school free essay sample

I would like to apply for dental hygiene program at the San Joaquin Valley College. I grew up knowing how important teeth are to a person. As far as I can remember, my mother has always instilled in me the value of having a healthy set of teeth, thus I feel this personal conviction to help others preserve their pearly set. I admit that I did very poorly in my previous academic endeavor, but circumstances back then were not favorable to me.   I once got a D in Chemistry because I had to skip two tests in the class to go back to my home country because my father died. I retook the class and was vindicated when I got a B for it. Moreover, I also got W on some courses but this was brought by the fact that when I took them, I was not yet familiar with the ways of American colleges. We will write a custom essay sample on Admission letter to a dental hygiene school or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It has been five years now since I came and more or less, I am now familiar with the system. I know this will help me a lot go through dental hygiene school more smoothly. A lot of people are probably wondering why I want to go to a dental hygiene school.   It is because this is where I felt I will excel.   My interest in dental hygiene will help me sail through difficult academic situations with more vigor and enthusiasm. This has become my one big passion in life.   Clichà © may this sound; I really am ready to face the odds, no matter what, in my pursuit of this dream. For me, wanting to be in a dental hygiene school is a big dream I know that many dental schools will find it very difficult to take me in, considering the very poor academic records I have, but I really am appealing for another chance to pursue something I dearly love. As I said earlier, I have already learned my lessons from my past mistakes.   I do hope these mistakes will not hound me forever. On the professional side, I know that this field offers many rewarding career options. It combines science and technology in helping people enhance and maintain their oral health. In fact, it has been said that this field will be on the cutting edge of advanced technology; thus making its practice even more thought-provoking and gratifying. This is one challenge I want to take, if this school will allow me. Consequently, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, the demand for dental care is projected to grow in the coming years. As baby boomers age, they will continue to need preventive services and many of them will require maintenance on existing dental work. Moreover, a large numbers of dentists are expected to retire in the next 20 years, creating a huge vacuum that needs to be filled up by new dental professionals (ada.org). Recently it has been reported that dental workers are often the first health care providers to recognize and identify a number of illnesses, which includes cancer and cardiovascular problems, among others. Medical research also suggests an increasing number of links between oral diseases and other health concerns.   In effect, dental workers’ role in the over-all health of an individual has been increasing. Ultimately, I think that the most important role I want to play in the future is to help educate people about the importance of oral health. I have always believed that prevention is better than cure.   In the end, I am appealing that I be given the chance to be accepted in the dental hygiene program of the San Joaquin Valley College. I also know that being in a dental hygiene program is not a walk in the park.   This is why I have long been preparing myself for the challenges that may come my way, in case I’ll be accepted.   In other words, I have come fully prepared so as not to humiliate and disappoint the people who may want to give me a chance here.

Institutional Environment and Growth in Brazil Essay Example

Institutional Environment and Growth in Brazil Paper Accelerating the development of economic growth in a sustained way is therefore one of the most Important Issues In economics, Economists have long used a variety f approaches to shed light on why some countries experience faster growth than others. In the vast amount of literature on the subject there are three schools that stand out In particular. First, there Is a group of scholars that places geographical factors such as climate, transport cost and natural resources as the main explanatory factors. Recent writings by Jarred Diamond and Jeffery Sacks are important contributions In this paradigm (Diamond, 1997; Sacks, 2001 Second, there Is a faction that emphasizes international trade as a key to economic growth. Important intrusions to this market-integration view have been presented in the works of Franken Roomer (1999) and Dollar Kraal (2004). Finally, there Is a third group focusing on the explanatory power that institutions veil in this matter. This paper will follow in this tradition, as there seems to bee an increasingly pervasive concurrence among economists studying the phenomena that the development and quality of the institutional environment holds the key to prevailing patterns of sustained growth and prosperity around the world. Rich countries are those with sustained rule of law ND property rights, effective policies towards private enterprises and competition, the political system is stabile and effective, companies enjoys easy access to financing and superior tax regimes and there is a well functioning infrastructural system. We will write a custom essay sample on Institutional Environment and Growth in Brazil specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Institutional Environment and Growth in Brazil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Institutional Environment and Growth in Brazil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Poor countries are those where the arrangements are nonexistent or ill formed. This approach suggests a somewhat casual relationship between institutional development and economic growth. This Implies that a poor country, which Is able to revise the rules of the game in the direction of better institutional environment, is keel to experience a lasting economic growth. The causality of this relationship has never Eden quotations (Oral, 2004; Houseman et al, 20050). In tens article we want to investigate the relationship between institutional development and economic growth further in order to enhance the understanding of the relationship. Is this really the end of all policy development and a manifestation of an institutions rule approach to economic development? Long run trends in the global economy suggest that emerging markets are the new drivers for global economic growth. Emerging markets can be defined as countries tit lower level of development than ELI, North America and Japan and high growth in recent years (Mining, 2007). This makes emerging markets countries useable as laboratories for trend research related to economic growth. Brazil, as a part of the BRICE countries, has for a long time been defined as an emerging market country. In spite of quite impressive reforms (Houseman et al, Bibb) the country has failed to show similar growth rates as China and India (DB, 2008). In this paper we therefore want to investigate how the economic growth in Brazil is related to the development in the institutional environment. Could the development and quality of the institutional environment in Brazil hold the key to understanding how to increase growth in the country? These notions has led to our research question, which is: How does the institutional environment affect the economic growth in Brazil? The deductive model In order to answer our research question we will apply the traditional deductive method of conducting research. First, we consider at a theoretical level the relationship between institutions and economic growth. Second, we build hypotheses on the basis of our theoretical framework. Third, we apply it to data. Finally, we deduct from the study. Our approach emphasizes quantitative data and is highly formalized. In this paper we will use the deductive model as proposed by Cesarean (1992). The model has 8 steps as illustrated below and largely corresponds to the structure of the paper. The steps are shown I a linear fashion, but in the reality the process is more dynamic. Literature review The concept of institutions and its influence on economic growth can be traced back to the functionalist perspective, which draws upon the ideas of August Comet (1852), Herbert Spencer (1851) and ?mile Druthers (1893). The functionalist approach is centered upon the argument that, if society is to exist, its members must make provision for certain functional requirements. Institutions are the principal structures where these critical tasks for social living are organized, directed and executed (Hughes et al. 2002). Institutions have been studied from several viewpoints and disciplines ranging from sociology, organizational psychology, to new institutional economics originating from the learning of transaction cost economics. In this paper we will follow the new institutional economic approach. I en transaction cost blew on organizations can De lave Into two groups. Horst, motivation cost, which deals particularly with costs of opportunistic behavior and agency cost (Williamson, 1975, Jensen and Neckline, 1976) Second, coordination cost, which deals with costs of information, costs of coordination and costs of measurement (Stiller, 1961, Lucian and Demesne, 1972). With a well-working interface transfers occur smoothly, but sometimes the transaction encounters friction due to conflicts between the parties involved. This friction can lead to delays, breakdowns and other malfunctions and is in economics termed transaction cost. The new institutional economic approach argues that all human interaction is characterized by a high degree of uncertainty (North, 1990). Institutions are therefore a way of reducing uncertainty and thereby transaction costs of trade. Furthermore, institutions are, as an extension of motivation cost theory, created by people with different bargaining power and not for the sake of efficiency, which makes some more efficient than others. Inefficient institutions can result in stagnant economies due to path dependency, which can lead to the lack of acknowledgement of property rights by states. Such environments can lead increased transaction cost and diminish the incentives to invest in socially profitable businesses. North therefore argue that the key to economic growth is efficient property rights, which moreover depends on political efficiency. In Institutions (1991) North, focuses further upon three elements of transaction cost: measurement cost, level of globalization and the amount of bargaining at the margin. It appears, however, that North have found a simplification and new applicability for these theories on state owned institutions and its relation to economic growth. Even Hough no clear-cut distinction exists between institutions and organizations, we have chosen to adapt Norths (1991) definition of institutions as the rules of the game and organizations as the different players. Further we adapt a sociological view on actions in markets, which conceptualizes Flintiness institutional framework related to the relationship between state and firms in the development of an economy. His main findings relate to how politics in markets work during various stages of market development-formation, stability and transformation (Fleeting 1996:656). As result we move away from the traditional institutional sociology of the early social scientists such as Clinics (1946) and later, DiMaggio and Powell (1991), and Scott (1995), and moves toward economic institutionalism. The main point however, is that we adapt an understanding of how modern states must create an institutional framework for a well functioning business system, and as such institutions are necessary as preconditions for economic growth. Theoretical framework and generation of hypothesis Inspired by North and Flintiness definitions of institutions, we assume that companies cannot operate in a Brazil without collective sets of rules and governing Interaction. In order to conclave economic gar town Brazil must odometer create an institutional framework, which supports the economic actors. Further the institutions in Brazil must structure political, economic and social interaction and set up norms. Our central hypothesis is therefore that the stage of development of the institutional environment in Brazil is crucial in order to develop sustainable economic growth, by reducing transaction cost of doing business and thus establish incentives faced by economic actors. Hypothesis 1. The level of economic growth in Brazil is dependent on the stage of placement in the institutional environment. There is strong empirical support for the proposition that institution matter (Franken Roomer, 1999; Guacamole et al, 2001). One example of this is presented in the paper Institutions rule (Radio et al. 2004) which explores the relationship between integration, institutions and geography with income. The findings show that the quality of institutions is more important than any others factors related to income levels. There is however little agreement on their relative importance and the causality of the link when it comes to increase economic growth. In the voluminous iterate on this subject, there are several failed attempts to discover unique institutional designs with encountering effective institutional outcomes. (Houseman et al. AAA), Since there are strong arguments favoring that there is no unique mapping from function to form It is futile to look for encountering empirical regularities that link specific legal rules to economic outcomes. What works will depend on local constraints and opportunities. (Radio, 2004:9) The aim of this paper is therefore to come up with contingent correlations or institutional prescription that are limited to the prevailing characteristics of Brazil. We thus try to extend the previous literature by exploring the development of the different elements of the institutional environment in order to discover which institutions that have been crucial for the economic growth in the case of Brazil. In order to investigate the relative importance of the different institution in Brazil it is necessary t o define more precisely what the institutional environment consists of. Traditionally the institutional environment in a country is made up of and measured by the ability to make investors feel secure about their property rights, the rule of away prevails, private incentives are aligned with social objectives, monetary and fiscal policies are grounded in solid macroeconomic institutions, idiosyncratic risks are appropriately mediated through social insurance, and citizens have recourse to civil liberties and political representation (Radio, 2004) To separate and distinguish between the institutional factors we adapt the institutional framework presented in John Dunning Institutional reform, foreign direct investment, and European transition economies (Dunning, 2005) and Foreign Investment location and institutional development in transition economies (Bean et. Al, 2006). These papers have developed an institutional framework consisting of three generic groups of variables namely: policy framework, economic determinants and business facilitation. The thre e groups should be viewed as institutional spheres containing Institutionally related determinants, wanly all alms at recalling transaction cost In Brazil and thus establish incentives faced by economic actors. First, the policy framework addresses institutionally related determinants that are under directly control of the government in Brazil. This is arguably the most important institutional sphere as it covers central aspects of institutions such as the rule of law and enhancement of property rights (North, 1991). It consists of institutions that provide economic and political stability, international agreements on FDA and taxes (Dunning, 2005), monetary and fiscal polices (Radio, 2004) and rules regarding competition (Fleeting, 1996). There are strong theoretical and empirical evidence connecting these institutions with transaction cost, thus we hypothesis that a positive development in the policy framework will result in a positive development in the economic growth in Brazil. Hypothesis AAA The level of economic growth in Brazil is dependent on the stage of development in the policy framework Second, the economic determinants cover institutions related to market opportunities, resource endowment and the availability and cost of labor (Dunning, 2005). It can be argued that these determinants depend on the underlying incentive structure and enforcement procedures, but if the institutional system in Brazil fails to provide the economic actors with qualified labor and necessary resources transaction cost will go up. Another aspect which gives support for this argument is hat a well developed infrastructure eases the means of communication and therefore eliminates and lowers, spatial transaction cost (Dunning, 2005). Thus, we propose that an increasing quality in the economic determinants of Brazil will result in a positive development in economic growth Hypothesis b The level of economic growth in Brazil is dependent on the stage of development in the economic determinants Third, there are strong arguments in favor of the notion that business-facilitating institutions such as the bank systems and other finance institutions also play an important role for the economic growth in Brazil. This because progress in establishing financial infrastructure and capital markets reduces transaction costs for Brazilian financial services, such as the payment system. (Bean et al, 2006) In addition customers have easier access to bank credit, which again can increase the demand for consumer goods that often are bought on credit (Bean et al, 2006). Moreover, it facilitates access to complementary local finance, which can reduce investors exposure to exchange rate risk. Institutions related to infrastructural support service and a well function banking and financing system are thus necessary n the establishment of incentives for economic actors in Brazil. Hypothesis c The level of economic growth in Brazil is dependent on the stage of development in business facilitation I I Hypothesis I Construct I Data source I(appendix 1) environment rating (10=high) development I I Hypothesis, construct and measurement bib I Predicted effect I Variable definition I Institutional lover business Alleluia 1 1 I (Unsighted average) (10=high) (10=good) I Policy I Tax regime rating (10=good) I Political environment rating 2008 I framework I Policy towards private enterprise rating Macroeconomic environment rating (10=high) I Foreign trade and exchange regime rating Policy environment for foreign investment rating (10=good) 1 bib I Economic determinants I + I Market opportunities rating I Labor market rating (10=good) I Infrastructure rating (10=good) 1 ICC I Business facilitation 1+ I Real effective exchange rate (Cop-based) I Financing rating I Ell-J Scientific Research Design 1 Methods of empirical analysis GAP is a commonly used indicator for economic growth and our analysis is based upon a dataset consisting of the percentage change in real GAP, over previous year % real change pa) fugues in Brazil from 1995 to 2007 and GAP (% real change pa) estimates from 2007-2012 (XIII). In order to explore any relationships between our selected variables and GAP (% real change pa) a regression model will be built. LEN GAP (% real change pa) = boo+ bal Real effective exchange rate (Cop-based) + be overall business environment rating+ ? . The precise definition, form and source of the variables used in our analysis are presented in table 1, which also summarizes the predicted effects of each independent variable on GAP in Brazil. All possible significant combinations will be valuated including isolating each single variable against the dependent variable in order to identify any possible relationship. The descriptive statistics of each variable are presented in the appendix 2. 2 construct measurement AT Independent variables Our measure of development in the overall institutional environment that is used to test hypothesis 1 is based on an aggregate of series of indicators of institutional quality constructed by the Economist Intelligence Unit (XIII). The Ell-J has constructed and Business Environmental Index derived from ten broad determinants of institutional quality. These determinants are essentially a composite of data and opinions taken from a series of business surveys conducted by Ell-J it self. Each of these determinants is reported on a 1-10 scale with higher numbers indicating a more business friendly institutional environment. For the next propositions, we employ the indices separately. The survey has a time span from 1995 to 2012 and consists of 13 variables each consisting of 1 5 observations. From 2007 and beyond are estimate. For the next hypothesis we employ the variables individually. Presentation of results Table 2 I Correlation independent variables and GAP (% real change pa) I Predicted effects Variable definition I Significance I II 1,110 1,183 I Policy towards private enterprise rating (10=good) 1. 263 rating (10=high) I Macroeconomic environment 1. 080 I Foreign trade and exchange regime rating (10=good) 1,155 I Policy environment for foreign investment rating (10=good) determinants I + 1. 249 1. 220 1,126 | . 392 I Economic I Market opportunities rating (10=high) 1,112 1,100 Discussion of results It is difficult proving a statistical meaningful relationship based on econometric tool between institutions and GAP. There are some general problems to our model that loud be accounted for statistically that are beyond the scope of this paper. This is especially related to ten vitality AT ten model winner ten sample size Is problematic. Additionally, the reverse correlation between the variables (nonentity) also plays an important role. The scope of the study should also be taken into consideration, which makes it difficult to infer about this more complex relationship. Here we could be discussing a selection bias, both country and respondent and variable specific. This is a threat to the valid estimation of the general causality between the dependent and the independent variables. It is also known that there is a relationship between these institutional based on former studies of institutional economics (North 1990; North, 1991; Fleeting 1996; Mining 2007). In regards to the validity, construct validity could be discussed in this case, as it is based on interpretation of institutions. Furthermore, the interaction of selection, related to the explanatory variables could bias this study and how the respondents and their responses are correlated with institutions. Nonetheless, the limited time span of the study could be further discussed but more pressuring is history bias and whether other exogenous factors affecting the independent variable, could impact the model, as this could easily be thought to be the case in Brazil. Moreover, we do not know the design of the data gathering process, which could include instrumentation bias. Referring to questions formulation and what is measured, there might also be considerable hypothesis guessing. Referring to the fact that Ell-J respondents could be answering questions in regards to their conception, rather than the measurement purpose. This is threatening the external validity, nonetheless the internal consistency of the questions is also an issue as questions could be overlapping. In line with conclusions from previous studies done on this subject, as a determinant for why econometric models are difficult or lacking in explanation (Houseman, Bibb; Rid, 2004). Tests often imply the interdependence between institutional predictors, which makes it hard to distinguish between the institutional dynamics and economic environment. Radio (2004) is especially critical to this and he has addressed a very central point, which is also relevant to this study, arguing that investors often rate institutional quality high when the economy is doing well. Thereby creating causation that would only be perception based. Whether it is effects of institutions that are measured the causation will still be evident. Furthermore, the nonentity with GAP, makes it a complex web that needs to be dismantled before meaningful results can be given, if possible at all with this type of study. Additionally, effects of institutions are a better estimator rather than framed proxies, consistent with argumentation in (Houseman et al, 2005). The explanation could also be that there is interdependency between different institutional parameters, which is evident from previous research. But how much is related to actual correlation between variables and how much is related to measurement difficulties will also be an issue to the validity of this paper. Nonetheless, the meaning derived from this of experiment. An additional explanation for why the explanatory power of our econometrics is limited as they often point in the right direction but needs to be explored further. (Houseman et al, Bibb) Moreover, policy erects are oaten veldts on a long-term Dados Ana are oaten Indolent ex-ante rather than ex-post. (Redbrick, 2004). This relates to the aspect of data-lags also being a subject to the validity as institutional improvements in a country do not always go hand in hand, the visible results could be shown later, emphasizing difficulties capturing this relationship in any meaningful way. In addition, we do not know if GAP improvements occur because of institutional improvements or the other way around (Radio, 2004). Bowwows and Collins (2003) have statistically tested aspects of institutional theory, and found a correlation between growth and the quality of governing institutions, such as law and order, absence of corruption, and protection of property rights (Bowwows Collins 2003). However, the link is not always apparent and institutional quality should be stressed in this context. But other factors relating to the second best theories also play an important role in a more dynamic context such as Business sectors, information spillovers, Human Capital (Houseman et al, AAA) Furthermore, it is still important to look at institutions in a country specific perspective as differences in geography, factor abundance and, governance structure and linkages. (Houseman et al, AAA) These factors differ from country to country even though economic growth is related to institutions. Econometric cross sectional analysis as a tool to reach an ultimate conclusion on the causes for growth, is therefore problematic. The link between the second best interactions viewed very simplistically is government interactions and reforms. These are difficult to measure and identify, however, the impact of reforms can be reasonably estimated. Reforms do not always live up to the purpose as it should be the right reforms suitable for the circumstances. (Houseman et al, 2005). Validity issues discussed above are rampant in our model, which pose a threat to the reliability of the model. Many models have been built to demonstrate the relationship between institutional environments. The problem is more related to finding an appropriate tool to identify this relationship rather than concluding that the relationship does not exist, or that a relationship is as simplistic as our econometric model can explain which is consistent with that of a more dynamic and holistic approach. The institutional environment in Brazil has improved throughout the time period. The institutional scores from Ell-J (appendix) illustrate that there have been some improvements, but still the growth in GAP is low, compared to the expectations and attention. Recently however, the growth has come up to a more sustainable level to an annual average GAP of 2. 7 % from 2002 until 2007 (DB Research 2006). [pick] I en presidency AT Lull In 2002 veils some explanatory power In relation to economic growth. Since Lull got into presidency in 2002 several economical and political reforms has been set into action. These reforms have tried to overcome some of the problems that, such as reforming the pension system, the bolas familial reform which subsidies poor households, obligatory health checks and keeping children in school (Mining, Bibb). These reforms were initiated with the intension to stabilize Brazil both economically and socially. Due to implications in the structure of Braziers political system, implementing reforms is time challenging and the reforms tend to be extremely gradual in Brazil, mainly because of the fragmented political system, and the strong majority it requires in the congress to implement reforms (DB 2006). Exertions with corruption have also been problematic with framed budget capital and deterioration of public services in order to stop the implementation of reforms (Goldman Sacks 2006). Braziers political system gives the president more influence in he macroeconomic policies. This is important as they keep the macro economic environment stable. The implications of the Brazil governance system affect the initiation of reforms designed to improve economic growth, thus staggering the economic development. Further it is important to take Brazil multifaceted society with a high degree of inequality into consideration. The low quality on the education system and huge differences in income, could both be important reason for Braziers lack of high educated human capital, which some researchers suggest is an supporting factor for economic growth (Hellmann, 2004). Ferreira et al. (2006) paper suggests that it is specifically education of the head of the households that is the most important determinant for the inequality in Brazil (Ferreira et al. 2006).

Ethics in Human Resource Management Essay Sample

Ethics in Human Resource Management Essay Sample Ethics in Human Resource Management Essay Human resource management is the process wherein a company decides to maintain the productive environment of their institution by means of training the performance of their employees. The purpose of human resource management is to improve the productivity and the quality of service by the employees. This can be done through training procedures to ensure that the skills and knowledge of the employees become competitive than the previous years or months. The manager of the human resource manager is responsible for formulating training modules and seminar workshops to ensure that the validity of training and skills development becomes efficient and accurate. The ethical responsibility of human resource management is the designation of managers to ensure that their employee’s performance improves without limiting their basic human rights of the stakeholders. The ethical responsibilities of human resource manager are to identify the most appropriate procedure applied to the implementation of skills development. The reason behind is to stimulate the functionality of the stakeholder to render their responsibilities efficiently and accurately on a regular basis. Human resource management should consider the rights and values of the involved personnel such as their dignity, demographical association, and their belief. This is because every person has the right to be treated with respect, despite from their position in the operating institution. Human resource managers should be always sensitive when considering the rights of their employees to ensure that safety is always applied that prevents any forms of harassment or discrimination within the workplace. As a manager, it is always important to ensure the dignity and values of employees because it plays an important role secure an equal working environment within the workplace. Leadership style is one of the most associated factors of human resource management. The treatment of managers within the workplace commits with the ethical foundations and fundamentals as initiated by the managers. The degree of skill of each employee should be assessed because it seeks to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of every employee who are tasked to take part in the association of human resource management goals and objectives. There should be a procedural process applied by the manager to ensure that there is a chronological response with regard to the application of training and assessment for the employees to improve their skill. An example is the consideration of assessment, planning, implementation, intervention, and evaluation, which plays a critical role to ensure that the workplace management aims to improve the skill as well as the knowledge of every employee in the workplace. If the manager fails to accomplish their duties and responsibilities as the manager of the human resource department, they are likely to be transferred to other departments where they function efficiently. If there are violations committed by the managers, it is more likely that they will be terminated from their respective job from the company and may need to seek new endeavors outside the company. This is the reason why managers should consider monitoring the performance of employees in their respective categorical roles in the company. Examples of these are the operations section, service department, marketing, accounting, security, information technology, production, and logistics department. There should be a segregation of responsibilities to ensure that lapses will not be a problem or a challenge in the future for the human resource management department (Radhakrishna Satya Raju, 2015). Reference Radhakrishna, A., Satya Raju, R. (2015). A Study On The Effect Of Human Resource Development On Employment Relations. IUP Journal Of Management Research 14.3: 28-42. Business Source Complete.